Lumber Grading
Understanding the Different Types of Wood Grades
All lumber can be graded based on its quality characteristics.

When grading lumber, graders are looking for defects such as knots. Lumber graders check the size and the frequency of defects within a certain linear length. Since there is a correlation between lumber grade and defects, higher grade lumber can have better performance characteristics than lower grade material. For transport packaging, lower grades are usually the more cost-effective option.
Hardwood vs Softwood Lumber for Pallets
When we’re talking lumber for manufacturing custom wood pallets, wooden shipping crates and other transport packaging products, we need to address hardwood and softwood separately. In part, because they each have different grading systems.
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Hardwood
The hardwood that is used in pallets and packaging is normally off grade (or non-graded) material. On grade hardwood is typically used in industries such as furniture and flooring. Upper grades of hardwood such as FAS and Selects are normally used for moldings. No. 1 Common and No. 2 Common hardwood is used for cabinets, furniture and flooring. -
Softwood
In regards to softwood lumber, grades are usually 1 through 4, with 1 being the best. Grade 1 Common softwood is characterized by clear wood with very small, tight knots. Pallets and packaging are typically made using Grades 2 through 4. The lower grades of softwood have larger and more frequent knots.
Selecting Lumber for Pallets and Packaging
Typically, when we select lumber the focus is on strength and the capacity to withstand your specific product load. Other considerations include current market prices for lumber and any necessary ISPM-15 treatments to satisfy export regulations. Knowing your application and consulting with a pallet and packaging professional is the best start in determining the proper grade of lumber.
Want advice on the right lumber and grade for your wooden pallets? Let’s connect. Tell us about your product and your current pallets or packaging.
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